Mobile Cellular (2G/3G)

Mobile Cellular (2G/3G)

Overview
This is the first mobile licence issued to Operators (Licensees) to provide 2G services. The Licensee is authorised to establish and operate licensed networks and to provide licensed services to any person within Ghana.

Licensed Services
The Licensee is authorised to provide local fixed wireless payphones in underserved areas, as shall be determined by the Authority, and mobile wireless telecommunications services including, but not limited to:
  • local and international public telephone services (excluding international gateway)
  • local and international data services (including leased lines, paging, frame relay and virtual private network services)
  • local and international text (including telex and telegram) transmission services

3G services mean telecommunications services that are supported by IMT 2000 standards; 3G is an evolution of the second generation (2G) technologies. 3G technologies can deliver faster speeds than 2G. It offers features such as video calls. 3G Licensees deliver services in the 2100MHz band.
The Licensee is required to own and operate facilities for the operation and provision of Third Generation (3G) Mobile Services.
Technical Information
This section gives an overview of the evolution of mobile (cellular) communications from first-generation (1G) to fourth generation (4G).

First Generation (1G)
The first generation of mobile phone systems to be launched were based on analogue technology. Commercial deployment started around 1981. By today's standards, the performance was limited and the phones were bulky. Initially, the coverage was poor. In addition to this, when the phone systems were first launched, they were very expensive, which limited them to business use. Nevertheless, these phone systems marked a major milestone in telecommunications history. For their day, they represented a major step forward in technology, and they also established a market that grew well beyond the initial predictions. Many of these systems quickly ran out of capacity as a result of the demand as the numbers of subscribers grew.

The three main systems that were launched were NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone), AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System, also known under its specification number as IS-41) and TACS (Total Access Communications System). The NMT system was developed as a joint venture by Nordic countries with Ericsson, and Nokia playing a major part, although there were many other interested parties. This system was used in Nordic countries but was also employed elsewhere around the world. AMPS was focused on North America but was also widely used around the globe. Similarly, TACS, developed by Motorola, was used in the UK as well as many other countries.

1G systems were launched in Ghana by Millicom Ghana Limited in April 1992 under the brand name Mobitel. The technology deployed by Millicom was TACS. Celtel Ghana Limited also launched AMPS in 1993:

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Fees and Charges
Coming soon